Mycetoma, or Madura, (in Sudan it is called an “Alnabt”) is a disease that originated in the Madurai region of India in 1812, from which it acquired the name Madura. It is classified as a neglected disease and its management according to the World Health Organization’s list of neglected diseases. Mycetoma is a disease that affects many of the most densely populated communities living in remote or less accessible suburban areas.
Mycetoma is caused by microscopic bacteria or fungi known as actinomycetoma and eumycetoma, respectively. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, including India, Australia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, South America, and East and Central Africa. Mycetoma affects men and women of all ages (average age is 20-40 years), with males being more susceptible. Mycetoma is transmitted to humans through sharp instruments that cause a wound, allowing many Mycetoma bacteria or fungi to enter the human body. thorns are the most common route of transmission due to the agricultural and pastoral nature of the population.
The life cycle of mycetoma begins in the human body when bacteria or mycetoma fungi enter the human body. The disease develops in its early stages, which can last for more than three months. The initial stages begin with the appearance of small, painless bumps under the skin. The affected person feels no pain, but the condition quickly develops into a wound that can reach the bone cells. The disease involves the lymph nodes. Several organs in the human body can be directly affected, including the legs, hands, buttocks, and head area, in some cases.